HVTN505 {HVTN505}R Documentation

HVTN505

Description

dat.505 contains Week 28 immune response biomarkers (Janes et al. 2017, Fong et al. 2018, Neidich et al. 2019) and clinical covariates (age, racecc, bhvrisk, and BMI are always adjusted in the aforementioend manuscripts) for 150 vaccinees and 39 placebo recipients.

var.505 and score.505 contain metadata for immune response biomarkers. var.505 is for individual immune response biomarkers with higher than 20 percent positivity rates. For IgG/IgG3/IgA measurements, both baseline subtracted and unsubtracted variables are included. The baseline unsubtracted version is named as, for example, IgGw28_xxx, while the baseline subtracted version is named as, for example, IgG_xxx.

score.505 is for composite/summary scores. The scores include PC1 and mdw scores for groups of vaccine-mismatched markers with more than 1 member, as well as COMPASS for T-cell responses

For each continuous immune response marker, a dichotomized version, with suffix _bin, is also created using the function dichotomize.505.



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Clinical covariates in dat.505
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Abbreviations
  dx = diagnosis = HIV-1 diagnosis
  dxdt = date of (HIV-1) diagnosis
  pd = post-dx = post-diagnosis = any time on/after the HIV-1 diagnosis date
  prewk10 = pre-week-10 pd (see Notes for definition) 
  ART = Anti-retroviral Therapy

Variable information:
NAME             LABEL


trt              Treatment Assignment: 1 = Vaccine, 0 = Placebo

MITT             Indicator of MITT status (2496 have MITT=1, 8 have MITT=0)

week28           Indicator that ppt is part of Week28+ cohort - meaning that they either
                 have a neg HIV test (draw-date) at/after study day 196, or else their 
                 first positive HIV test (draw-date) was on/after study day 196

perprot          Indicator of per-protocol status, requires:
                     (a) Receipt of all 4 vaccinations in-window 
                     (b) No study-product-administration-errors reported
                     (c) On study through/past day 196 post-enrollment
                         (Last condition added to make the per-protocol cohort 
                          a subset of the week28 cohort)

casecontrol      Indicator of inclusion in the case-control cohort

case             1 = Case, 0 = Control. Only defined for the case-control cohort (casecontrol = 1), missing for all others

control          Opposite of case

sitenum          Numeric ID of site at which the participant enrolled in the study
site             Name of site at which participant enrolled in the study

age              Age (in years) at randomization  
gender           Self-identified gender: male/female/male transgender/female transgender
race             Derived Race/Ethnicity variable:  
                     1 = ( Race=White and non-Hispanic), 
                     0 = ( (Race notequal White) or Hispanic=Yes)  

racefull         Old Race category - previously (incorrectly) labeled as "NIH Race category":
                     1 = 'White'
                     2 = 'Black or African American'
                     3 = 'Hispanic'
                     4 = 'Asian'
                     5 = 'Hawaiian/Pacific Islander'
                     6 = 'Native Am./Alaska Native'
                     7 = 'Other Race'
                     8 = 'Multi-racial'
                     9 = 'Missing'

racecc           Three-level race catgory for use with case-control (cc) analyses
                 The ppt.s in the cc data are all either White, Black or Hispanic
                 (based on racefull variable values).
                 The values for 'racecc' are:
                 "White", "Black", "Hispanic/Other"

white            Indicator of White race
black            Indicator of Black/Afr. American race 
asian            Indicator of Asian race
hawpi            Indicator of Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
natam            Indicator of Native American or Alaskan Native race
otherrace        Indicator of other race (ppt. specified)
hisp             Indicator of Hispanic ethnicity

BMI              Body Mass Index:  (Weight in Kg)/(Height in meters)**2
BMIcat           Body Mass Index - categorized for reporting 
bhvrisk          Baseline behavioral risk score  

DNA1             Indicator of receipt of 1st DNA vaccination = 1st study vaccination 
DNA2             Indicator of receipt of 2nd DNA vaccination = 2nd study vaccination 
DNA3             Indicator of receipt of 3rd DNA vaccination = 3rd study vaccination 
Ad5              Indicator of receipt of Ad5 vaccination = 4th study vaccination 
lastvac          Number of the last vaccination received (1=DNA1, 2=DNA2, 3=DNA3, 4=Ad5)


SPAerr           Indicator of study-product-administration (SPA) error:
                   Wrong product given, vaccination administered outside of 
                   visit window, or incorrect dosage/volumne received by ppt.

SPAerroutwin     Indicator of SPA-error due to vaccination administered outside visit window
SPAerrdoseprod   Indicator of SPA-error due to incorrect dosage received by ppt
SPAerrvisit      Visit at which the SPA-error occurred

DNA2days         Days b/t enrollment vaccination and 2nd DNA vaccination
DNA3days         Days b/t enrollment vaccination and 3rd DNA vaccination
Ad5days          Days b/t enrollment vaccination and Ad5 vaccination

lastvst          Visit number of the participants most recent schedule 1/schedule 4 visit.
                   Does not include missed visits or infected-track visits


HIV              Indicator of HIV-1 infection diagnosis (before month 24)
HIVall           Indicator of HIV-1 infection diagnosis at/before the month-48 visit
HIVwk28          Indicator of HIV-1 infection diagnosis on/after study week28 (day 196)

HIVfu            Follow-up time (in days) for HIV infection diagnosis endpoint, measured
                 from randomization to one of the following dates: 
                 (1) diagnosis date (dxdt): for MITT ppt.s dx at/before the month 24 visit,
                 (2) latest specimen drawdt (at/before the month 24 visit) whose testing
                     for HIV produces a negative result:  for all other ppt.s 
                 NOTE: non-MITT ppts will have no negative specimen drawdt. We set it to
                       be their randomization date so that their HIVfu equals 0
HIVallfu         Follow-up time (in days) for HIV infection diagnosis occuring through
                   the month-48 study visit.  For use with event indicator 'HIVall'.
                   Other details as given in 'HIVfu' description
HIVwk28fu        Follow-up time (in days) for HIV-1 infection occuring on/after study-day
                   196 (i.e. time origin is study-day 195).  For use with event indicator
                   'HIVwk28'.  Other details as given in 'HIVfu' description. 

<NOTE - The following three indicators do not have associated follow-up time variables.
        They should only be used to identify pre-unblinding infected ppts  >

HIVpreunbl       Indicator that 'HIV'=1 and 'dxdt' <= Unblinding Date (22Apr2013)
HIVallpreunbl    Indicator that 'HIVall'=1 and 'dxdt' <= Unblinding Date (22Apr2013)
HIVwk28preunbl   Indicator that 'HIVwk28'==1 and 'dxdt' <= Unblinding Date (22Apr2013)

HIVwk28preunblfu
HIVpreunblfu

dropout          Indicator of dropout prior to HIV infection
dropoutfu        Follow-up time (in days) from enrollment until the earliest of: 
                   dropout, HIV-infection (dxdt), completion of the month 60 visit

dropout48        Indicator of dropout before the month 48 visit and prior to HIV infection
dropout48fu      Follow-up time (in days) from enrollment until the earliest of: 
                   dropout, HIV-infection (dxdt), last-visit before/at month 48.

dropout_postunbl Indicator of termination date after the date of unblinding (22Apr2013)

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Variables pertinent to T cell immune responses measured by ICS in case-control cohort
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tcellsub        TCell subset (CD4+ or CD8+) 
cytokine        Cytokine subset (e.g. IL2 and/or interferon-gamma)
antigen         Antigen  
response        positive response call assessed by comparing HIV-1
               peptide stimulated and unstimulated negative control data
scoretype       COMPASS (Combinatorial Polyfunctionality Analysis of 
               Single Cells) scoretype (Functionality, Polyfunctionality,
               or revised scores ending in "Rev"). The functionality score 
               (FS) is defined as the estimated proportion of antigen-specific 
               subsets detected among all possible ones.  The polyfunctionality 
               score (PFS) is similar, but it weighs the different subsets by 
               their degree of functionality, naturally favoring subsets with 
               higher degrees of functions, motivated by the observation that 
               higher degree function has been correlated with good outcomes in 
               certain vaccine studies. 
logpctpos       log10 of pctpos_adj, which is net 
pctpos_adj_ind      binary pctpos_adj variable, indicator of below/above median by tcellsub,
               cytokine, antigen. Median is calculated among vaccinees (cases and
               non-cases)
score           COMPASS score magnitude
score_ind       binary COMPASS score, indicator of below/above median by tcellsub, cytokine, 
               antigen. Median is calculated among vaccinees (cases and non-cases)

----
HLA class I data, for the case-control cohort
----


hla                 Class I HLA category (Protective: HLA-B*27, B*57 and B*58:01); Unfavorable: HLA-B*35:02, B*35:03, B*35:04, B*53:01 or homozygous in at least one locus; or Neutral, all others) 
hla.num             Numeric HLA variable (0 = Neutral, 1 = Protective, 2 = Unfavorable)


---- 
Derived variables for analysis of post-infection data, HLA data, and T cell immunogenicity data
----


exclude         Indicator of exclusion from post-infection analyses, based on HIV infection diagnosis after ARV initiation
cc_cohort
hg_cohort             Indicator of eligibility for case-control sampling  
hg_strata             Stratum for case-control sampling.  Sampling strata were defined based on treatment assignment, race/ethnicity, and BMI.  Eg Vacc/White/[25, 29.8) is the subset of participants eligible for case-control sampling who were assigned to the vaccine group, White race, and 25 <= BMI < 29.8         

stratuminds     sampling stratum number for participants in case-control cohort
in.subcohort        Indicator of being a control in the case-control cohort
wt          inverse-sampling weights, for the case-control cohort, used for cumulative incidence plots
stratuminds_vaccs   sampling stratum number for vaccinees only (need counts to start at 1 for 
               tps() function in R)

----
Notes:
----

  (1) For our purposes, the 'diagnosis date' is considered to be the date of
      the first specimen-draw whose testing produces to a redraw-request 
      (a request for follow-up confirmatory testing) that leads to a 
      confirmation of HIV-1 infection by the HVTN Diagnostic labratory.  

  (2) The variables whose names include the 'prewk10' (pre-week-10) suffix
      are computed based on data from the time interval beginning at 
      "week 0 post-diagnosis" (i.e. the diagnosis visit, 'dxdt') and ending
      at (but *NOT* including) the week-10 post-dx visit.  So the data used
      is all strictly *pre* (before) the week-10 visit.  The week10 post-dx
      visit is considered to happen on day 74 (the end of the week-10 pd 
      visit window) for purposes of the 'prewk10' variables, for 
      participants that miss their week-10 pd visit.
      
  (3) The variable 'evaluable' will tell us whether the observation can be used in
      the VL analysis - meaning does it have the requisite information to run the 
      method.  This is *NOT* an indicator of having complete data or anything like
      that, just does it have either of the following:
        (1) >= 1 pre-ART VL from the week 10-20 PD (post-dx) period
        (2) no pre-ART set-point VL data *and* 
            non-missing values for the "prewk10" LVL and CD4 variables *and*
            one of the following:
              - initiated ART prior to the week-10 PD visit
              - dropped out prior to the week-10 PD visit
              - is past the week-10 PD visit but has not dropped-out/initiated ART

  (4) An "undetectible" results means that the result of the RNA viral load test was
      "negative" - i.e. if there is any RNA present, it is below the limit of
      detection.  Tests with negative results still have their 'viral load' field 
      populated, and show "<40" (where 40 is the lower-limit of quantitation for the
      kit).  PLEASE note that the converse is not true, a viral load of "<40" does
      *NOT* imply that the test result is negative.  The "<40" result is also used
      when there is detectible RNA but the level is too low to accurately quantify.
      The 'undetectible' indicator is set to 1 iff (if and only if) the variable
      'result' in the source HIV dataset has a value of '2' (the code for negative).



References

Janes, H. E., et al. (2017). Higher T-cell responses induced by DNA/rAd5 HIV-1 preventive vaccine are associated with lower HIV-1 infection risk in an efficacy trial. The Journal of infectious diseases, 215(9), 1376-1385.

Fong, Y., et al. (2018). Modification of the Association Between T-Cell Immune Responses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Risk by Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses in the HVTN 505 Trial. The Journal of infectious diseases, 217(8), 1280-1288.

Neidich, S. D., et al. (2019). Antibody Fc-effector Functions and IgG3 Associates with Decreased HIV-1 Acquisition Risk, Journal of Clinical Investigation, in press.


[Package HVTN505 version 2020-8-4 Index]